Great question! For downloading older versions of the spine-godot runtime, there are a couple of options available to you.
Option 1: Direct S3 Download Links
The spine-godot GDExtension downloads follow a predictable URL pattern:
https://spine-godot.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/{spineVersion}/{godotTag}/spine-godot-extension-{spineVersion}-{godotTag}.zip
So for example, for Spine 4.2 paired with a specific Godot 4.x build, you would substitute the appropriate version strings into that URL.
Option 2: GitHub Actions
You can browse and download older builds directly from the GitHub Actions page for the spine-godot extension:
https://github.com/EsotericSoftware/spine-runtimes/actions/workflows/spine-godot-v4-all.yml
There you can find the specific build artifacts for the Godot/Spine version combination you need.
A note on versioning
Keep in mind that the major.minor version of the spine-godot runtime must match the Spine Editor major.minor version used to export your skeletons. So your plan of upgrading Godot first while keeping Spine 4.2 is a solid approach — just make sure you grab the spine-godot runtime built for Spine 4.2 and your target Godot version. You can read more about version management in the Spine Runtimes versioning guide.